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The Protected Areas of the Azores ((ポルトガル語:Rede Regional de Áreas Protegidas)) are the basic administrative-territorial and conservation structures in the archipelago of the Azores and the surrounding oceans. The areas integrate the entirety of the Azores〔Diário da República (12 January 2009), p.173〕 within its Exclusive Economic Zone, as well as the surrounding waters, under the international agreements and conventions. The network realizes the categorization of management for protected areas adopted by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), adapting it to the specific geographical, environmental, cultural and political-administrative territory of the archipelago. ==History== The first legal document identified to create a protected area in the Azores, was Decree 78/72 (7 March 1972), which created the ''Reserva Integral da Caldeira do Faial'' (''Integrated Reserve of the Faial Caldera''), which was closely followed by Decree 79/72 (8 March 1972), that established the ''Reserva Integral da Montanha da ilha do Pico'' (''Integrated Reserve of the Mountain of the Island of Pico''). After a hiatus of two years, Decree 152/74 (15 April 1974) was published that created on the island of São Miguel the ''Reserva da Lagoa do Fogo'' (''Reserve of Lagoa do Fogo''), which was subject to forestry service guidelines along its perimeter. These regulatory frameworks were in keeping with those establishing the National Park of Peneda-Gêres and other national reserves, resulting from the application of Decree 9/70 (19 June 1970) These laws, approved under the juridic regime of the Estado Novo government, occurred at a time when the Azores did not have its own political autonomy statute, and were the only interventions made by the central government in the protection of areas in the Azores. The first regional/local measures to protect the environment were introduced by Regional Decree 12/77/A (14 June 1977), which established measures to protect the lakes, ravines and springs in the archipelago. The document, which was a pioneer at the time, included several rules to protect the environment and retroactively included older measures. The creation of the first protected area under this new regime established the ''Protected Landscape of Monte da Guia''., and the first nature reserve, the ''Reserva Natural da Lagoa do Fogo'' (''Nature Reserve of Lagoa do Fogo'') under Regional Decree 10/82/A (18 June 1982), while the caldera on Faial and the mountain of Pico were reclassified. The protected areas continued to be created in an adhoc basis, even as the national Decree 613/76 (27 July 1976) revoked the older 9/70 law (19 June 1970) and instituted a new regime that allowed for the creation for national parks, which was never applied in the Azores. The first grande measure to protect habitats occurred with the publication of Regional Legislative Decree 15/87/A (24 July 1987), that established the legal framework for the creation and functioning of forest reserves. This was a decisive law, since the majority of the zones of conservation fell within the jurisdiction of the forest services. This law helped to put into practice many of the extensive ''reservas florestais naturais'' (''natural forest reserves''), resulting in the preservation of areas that today constitute the nucleus of the Island Nature Parks on each island. It was followed by Regional Legislative Decree 21/93/A (23 December 1993), which applied to the Azores the same jurisdictional regime established in national Decree 19/93 (23 January 1993), the ''Rede Nacional de Áreas Protegidas'' (''National Network of Protected Areas''). More than an adaption of the national regulations, it created the institutional structure that would give rise to Azorean protected areas, resulting in a reclassification of existing areas. Unfortunately, there were problems with the scheme, since the codification was not literally adaptable to the insular nature of the archipelago and the autonomous institutions that existed, nor the forest regime and reserves created ''adhoc'' in intervening years. Consequently, the creation of the Natura 2000 network did not accompany advancements on the continent, nor were Azorean areas integrated into existing classified sites of community interest. Published in 1998, a proposed list of communitarian important sites (under resolution 20/98, 5 February) was approved in 2001, resulting in the first list of Biogeographic Region of Macaronesia. His had no immediate change in the legal statute of areas included, although indirectly, by Regional Legislative Decree 20/2006/A (6 June 2006), it did approve the sector plan for the Natura 2000 scheme in the Azores. The global framework for protected areas, utilizing re-classified standards that included diverse unified typologies was fixed in Regional Legislative Decree 15/2007/A (25 June 2007), which preceded the revision of the network of protected area and their classification. That legal framework permitted the subsequent creation of the nine nature parks in the Azores and the reclassification, in accordance with the established IUCN classifications, of protected areas. Regional Legislative Decree 15/2012/A (2 April 2012), which approved the legal regime for conservation of nature and biodiversity, transcluded the Azorean legal order, the Birds Directive and the Habitats Directive, while repealing the Regional Legislative Decree 15/2007/A (25 June 2007), incorporating the new legal framework for the Protected Areas of the Azores. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Protected areas of the Azores」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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